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Especially for Homeowners!
For information about the installation and maintenance of septic systems, including how to investigate a potential building site's suitability for a conventional septic system, go to our special Homeowners Page.
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There are many sources of technical information available for planners, designers of alternative wastewater treatment systems, and those who are just interested in learning more about how they work. A few good places to start are listed below.
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Nationally
US EPA Office of Wastewater Management
and still relevant 1980 Design Manual for Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems.
The National Environmental Services Center
One of the best sources of technical information about alternative wastewater treatment technologies is the National Environmental Services Center (NESC), home of the National Small Flows Clearinghouse (NSFC), the National Onsite Demonstration Project (NODP) and the National Environmental Training Center for Small Communities (NETCSC).
Together, these programs offer a wealth of information and provide training on a number of topics related to decentralized wastewater systems and alternative wastewater treatment technology. They offer several free and low-cost publications, many of which can be downloaded from their website.
The National Small Flows Clearinghouse offers many publications, including Environmental Technology Initiative (ETI) Factsheets on a number of alternative wastewater technologies. Be sure to download or sign up to receive their publication Small Flows Quarterly free by mail. This magazine features articles on the latest alternative wastewater treatment initiatives and applications.
The NETCSC holds a one-week summer institute for small communities each July in Morgantown, WV that includes seminars addressing decentralized wastewater project planning, alternative wastewater technology and other relevant topics. The NODP is able to provide free technical assistance on a limited basis to communities that pursue such projects. For more information, visit their website or call 800-624-8301.
Though not strictly technical in nature, the NODP now offers a package of twelve products, including video cassets, booklets and CD, intended to be used in order to help small communities through the process of identifying on-site failures and planning a decentralized management approach. A nominal fee is charged for vidoes and CDs. Click here to review and order the NODP Tools for Communities.
The National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project
The National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project (NDWRCDP) , sponsored by the US EPA and administered by Washington University in St. Louis since 1996, supports research and development of alternative wastewater treatment technology and onsite management. The project has many collaborators, including the National Onsite Wastewater Recycling Association (NOWRA), the National Rural Electrial Cooperative Assocation (NRECA), and the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF). The NEWRCDP has dedicated over $5.3 million to 30 projects. Several excellent reports and handbooks about engineering/technical research projects and economics and planning have been published as a result of this work. Among them:
Model Decentralized Wastewater Practitioner Curriculum, prepared March 2005 by the University of North Carolina.
Expanding Communication in Communities Addressing Wastewater Needs and A Starter's Guide for Community Based Wastewater Solutions, prepared in June 2005 by the Green Mountain Institute for Environmental Democracy.
Wastewater Planning Handbook: Mapping Onsite Treatment Needs, Pollution Risks and Management Options Using GIS, an excellent publication from the University of Rhode Island Cooperative Extension in February 2004.
Decentralized Wastewater System Reliability Analysis Handbook, by Stone Environmental Inc., published June 2005.

Major changes to Ohio's current household wastewater treatment system rules were adopted in 2006. Updates are posted on the Laws and Regulatory Agencies page.
Cluster Systems
Cluster systems generally refer to onsite wastewater treatment systems that treat wastewater from many homes and discharge the effluent into the ground rather than to a surface water. In addition to the resources listed above, those seeking information specifically about cluster systems may want to check out the items listed below:
Small Community Wastewater Collection Systems, published by Purdue University, 2001.
Cost Effectiveness of Cluster Systems in Use Today, article published in the September 2005 Onsite Water Treatment Journal
Hiring Professional Consultants
Go to our Professional Consultants page for more information about hiring professional consultants, including engineers and designers, soils scientists and surveyors, installers and equipment manufacturers.
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